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Fabian ((ラテン語:Fabianus); c. 200 – 20 January 250) was the Bishop of Rome from 10 January 236 to his death in 250,〔Meier, Gabriel (1909). "Pope St. Fabian" in ''The Catholic Encyclopedia''. Vol. 5. New York: Robert Appleton Company.〕 succeeding Anterus. He is famous for the miraculous nature of his election, in which a dove is said to have descended on his head to mark him as the Holy Spirit's unexpected choice to become the next pope.He was succeeded by Cornelius. Most of his papacy was characterized by amicable relations with the imperial government, and Fabian could thus bring back to Rome the bodies of Pope Pontian and the antipope Hippolytus, both of whom had died in exile in the Sardinian mines, for Christian burial. It was also probably during his reign that the schism between the two corresponding Roman congregations of these leaders was ended. He was highly esteemed by Cyprian;〔Cyprian's letter to Fabian's successor Pope Cornelius (Cyprian, ''Epistle'' 30) calls him "incomparable" and says that the glory of his martyrdom answered the purity and holiness of his life.〕 Novatian refers to his ''nobilissima memoriae'', and he corresponded with Origen. One authority refers to him as Flavian.〔 The ''Liber Pontificalis'', a fourth-century document that survives in later copies, says that he divided Rome into deaconates and appointed secretaries to collect the records of the martyrs. He is also said, probably without basis, to have baptized the emperor Philip the Arab and his son. More plausible is the report in the ''Liberian Catalogue'' that he sent out seven "apostles to the Gauls" as missionaries. He died a martyr at the beginning of the Decian persecution, and is venerated as a saint by the Catholic Church.〔〔 Fabian's feast day is commemorated on January 20, the same as Saint Sebastian,〔Gross, Ernie. ''This Day in Religion''. New York: Neal-Schuman Publishers. ISBN 1-55570-045-4〕 in whose church his sepulcher lies in Rome. ==Early life and accession== According to the ''Liber Pontificalis'', Fabian was a noble Roman by birth, and his father's name was Fabius. Nothing more is known about his background. The legend concerning the circumstances of his election is preserved by the fourth-century writer Eusebius of Caesarea (''Church History'', VI. 29).〔Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. ''The Penguin Dictionary of Saints''. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. ISBN 0-14-051312-4.〕 After the short reign of Pope Anterus, Fabian had come to Rome from the countryside when the new papal election began. "Although present," says Eusebius, Fabian "was in the mind of none." While the names of several illustrious and noble churchmen were being considered over the course of thirteen days, a dove suddenly descended upon the head of Fabian. To the assembled electors, this strange sight recalled the gospel scene of the descent of the Holy Spirit on Jesus at the time of his baptism by John the Baptist. The congregation took this as a sign that he was marked out for this dignity, and Fabian was at once proclaimed bishop by acclamation, although there were several famous men amongst the candidates for the vacant position.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pope Fabian」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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